Ento Key

Introduction The idea of removing the lens for refractive purposes dates back the 18th century. Abbé Desmonceaux was probably the first to propose such a surgery in France in 1776…

Introduction Collagen cross-linking (CXL) was proposed by Wollensak et al. as a new possibility to stabilize progressive keratoconus, preventing some of the underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms of the disease. This shows promise…

Introduction Originally, corneal cross-linking (CXL) was introduced to prevent the progression of keratoconus. However, during in vitro and in vivo experiments, in addition to the biomechanical stabilization of the cornea,…

Introduction Orthokeratology is a widely accepted optical treatment for myopia control in children, especially in East Asian countries. However, this treatment has existed for many years, originally having been introduced…

Introduction The clinical success of crosslinking was made possible by the development of ultraviolet (UV)-light emitting diodes (LEDs) that allowed for a reasonable balance of cost and performance with reliable…

Introduction The excimer laser revolutionized the world of vision correction because of its precision and unique abilities to reshape the corneal surface. This laser can remove scars and other opacities…

Introduction Definition and Terminology Laser subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) combines certain elements of both laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). In LASEK—instead of completely removing the epithelium, as…

Introduction As refractive surgery has evolved from the controversial to the routine, more patients want to decrease their dependence on glasses. Laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) is a very common…

Introduction Decentration of the ablation and other factors have contributed to inducing irregular astigmatism in a certain number of eyes treated with laser refractive surgery. Topography-guided ablations present a surgical…

Introduction In the last 2 decades, the clinician’s ability to diagnose keratoconus has increased. This is due to the knowledge and development of diagnostic instruments for keratoconus, from corneal topography…