Functional (nonorganic) visual loss is frequently encountered in ophthalmic and neurologic practice, occurring in 0.5–5% of patients presenting with vision loss. Patients with functional visual loss may be misdiagnosed because…
While the anterior visual and geniculocalcarine pathways deliver the elemental visual data from the eyes to striate cortex, the higher cortical visual (or association) areas perform the more complex interpretation…
Headache is a nearly universal experience, as over 90% of individuals have noted at least one headache during their lifetime. Since sensory information from the eye and orbit travels through…
Transient loss or blurring of vision lasting for seconds or minutes are common visual complaints. This chapter provides one approach to patients with these symptoms based upon visual pathway anatomy…
Visual hallucinations and illusions comprise some of the most vivid and sometimes bizarre symptoms in neuro-ophthalmology. Hallucinations are defined as perceptions that occur in the absence of a corresponding external…
The diagnosis of optic neuropathy is usually considered under two circumstances: (1) when visual loss is associated with an anomalous, swollen, or pale optic disc or (2) when the fundus…
This chapter reviews the distinction between papilledema (disc swelling secondary to increased intracranial pressure), disc swelling associated with optic neuropathy, and disc elevation due to pseudopapilledema. The fundus appearance of…
The retrochiasmal afferent visual pathways include the optic tract, lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), optic radiations, and striate cortex. The most common neuro-ophthalmic presentation of a unilateral retrochiasmal disturbance is a…
Key wordsMaculopathies, maculopathies that mimic optic neuropathy, retinal vascular occlusions, acute outer retinopathies, cancer-associated retinopathies, toxic and hereditary retinopathies, retinal manifestations of neurologic and systemic diseases While a comprehensive…
The neuro-ophthalmic examination combines ophthalmic and neurologic techniques to assess the patient’s vision, pupillary function, ocular motility, eyelids, orbits, fundus appearance, and neurologic status. In most cases, after obtaining the…
