Introduction Patients with stones of the parotid gland and its duct were usually treated by partial parotidectomy in previous years. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy reduced the number of surgeries but…
Introduction Diagnostic sialendoscopy is fundamental in the assessment and the treatment of salivary gland ductal pathology. Because of this diagnostic modality, the main duct, secondary, and tertiary branches can practically…
Introduction Sialolithiasis is one of the major causes of sialadenitis and accounts for approximately 50% of major salivary gland diseases. Calculi in the salivary glands can be found in 1.2%…
Introduction Laser Types and Mechanism of Action Several lasers have been studied and utilized in salivary stone lithotripsy. Zenk et al. have described in detail the development of laser stone fragmentation,…
14.1 The Marchal Instruments Salivary Endoscopy Relies on Several Factors 1. The size of the papilla and the difficulty to pass the papilla without traumatizing it 2. The caliber of…
Introduction Salivary gland obstruction accounts for about 50% of all benign salivary gland diseases. Sialolithiasis is one of the most frequent causes of inflammatory changes within the large salivary glands….
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Submandibular Sialolithiasis Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was invented at the University of Pennsylvania and subsequently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in 2009. Transoral surgery of…
Introduction Most patients presenting with obstructive symptoms of the submandibular gland (SMG) are afflicted with salivary stones rather than stenosis, and salivary gland stones are a more frequent cause of…
Introduction The applications of sialendoscopy continue to increase. Whether in isolation or as an accessory to more invasive techniques, sialendoscopy has expanded gland-sparing options for the management of non-neoplastic salivary…
Introduction Papilla crossing is one of the key points for sialendoscopy, especially in submandibular sialendoscopy. After the papilla has been crossed, the sialendoscopy can begin. Instead of papilla crossing, other…
