Sialendoscopy for Sjögren Syndrome
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in dry eyes, dry mouth, and salivary gland swellings. SS may occur primarily or…
Sialendoscopy for Radiation Sialadenitis
Sialadenitis After Radioactive Iodine for Thyroid Cancer Radioactive iodine therapy (RAI) is a well-established treatment modality in the management of differentiated papillary and follicular thyroid cancers for the ablation of…
Minimally Invasive Approaches – Extracapsular Dissection
Introduction Extracapsular dissection (ECD) challenges the need to remove most of the parotid gland to prevent tumor recurrence. The dissection takes place within the parotid tissue, 2–3 mm peripheral to the…
Parotid Gland Proximal Stones, Combined Transoral and External Approach
Introduction Patients with stones of the parotid gland and its duct were usually treated by partial parotidectomy in previous years. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy reduced the number of surgeries but…
Operative Techniques With Diagnostic Sialendoscopy
Introduction Diagnostic sialendoscopy is fundamental in the assessment and the treatment of salivary gland ductal pathology. Because of this diagnostic modality, the main duct, secondary, and tertiary branches can practically…
Endoscopic Transoral Removal of Distal and Proximal Stones from the Parotid Duct
Introduction Sialolithiasis is one of the major causes of sialadenitis and accounts for approximately 50% of major salivary gland diseases. Calculi in the salivary glands can be found in 1.2%…
Laser Fragmentation of Salivary Stones
Introduction Laser Types and Mechanism of Action Several lasers have been studied and utilized in salivary stone lithotripsy. Zenk et al. have described in detail the development of laser stone fragmentation,…
Types of Sialendoscopes and Accessories
14.1 The Marchal Instruments Salivary Endoscopy Relies on Several Factors 1. The size of the papilla and the difficulty to pass the papilla without traumatizing it 2. The caliber of…
Submandibular Gland Sialendoscopy-Assisted Transoral Technique
Introduction Salivary gland obstruction accounts for about 50% of all benign salivary gland diseases. Sialolithiasis is one of the most frequent causes of inflammatory changes within the large salivary glands….
Interventional Sialendoscopy for Stones: Robotic Approaches
Transoral Robotic Surgery for Submandibular Sialolithiasis Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) was invented at the University of Pennsylvania and subsequently Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved in 2009. Transoral surgery of…
