Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Nasolacrimal duct dysfunction, whether by lacrimal pump failure or nasolacrimal obstruction, prevents the flow of tears through the lacrimal system, resulting in epiphora. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a commonly…
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system and the most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in infants and young children. The…
Imaging plays an important role in the evaluation of patients with suspected orbital disease. Radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used in clinical practice….
Surgical Technique The endoscopic transnasal approach to the orbit usually starts with complete sphenoethmoidectomy and wide opening of the maxillary ostium to oversee the orbital floor. Then the papyraceus lamina…
The specialties of otolaryngology and ophthalmology are separated by little more than the width of the lamina papyracea. This paper-thin bone that forms the boundary between the orbital and sinonasal…
The impact of intraorbital, intracranial, and sinus lesions on visual function and eye movement can be difficult to quantify. Imaging yields information on lesion location and possible etiology. The role…
Sinonasal Examination Examination and palpation of the external nose shows deformities and crepitation and confirms soft-tissue or firm masses. Transillumination of the frontal and maxillary sinuses is an unreliable maneuver….
The orbit and lacrimal system is bounded by the paranasal sinuses, eyelids, temporal region, and intracranial fossa ( Figs. 7.1 and 7.2 ). The orbit contains all of the supporting…
Anatomy of the Orbit Orbital Cavity The orbits are the bony spaces that divide the upper facial skeleton from the middle face. The bony walls of the orbit, a four-sided…
The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are intimately associated with the orbit, and as such frequently serve as an appropriate surgical corridor for endoscopic access to orbital pathology. For instance,…
