5 Adjustable Suture Technique
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The adjustable suture technique is a debated topic amongst pediatric ophthalmologists and strabismus specialists with groups that are strong proponents for and against the use of…
3 Conjunctival Incisions for Strabismus Surgery
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Fornix and limbal conjunctival incisions have superseded the Swan incision for accessing the extraocular muscles during strabismus surgery. Fornix incisions will be the primary technique for…
2 Surgical Anatomy for Strabismus Surgery
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary Understanding the anatomy of the rectus and oblique muscles and their relationships to adjacent structures are essential to approaching strabismus surgery for successful outcomes, particularly in…
1 Preparation for Strabismus Surgery
Sylvia H. Yoo Summary The presence of strabismus precludes normal visual development in infancy and early childhood, resulting in poor fusion and, in many cases, amblyopia. Quality of life can…
Endoscopic Management of Pediatric Nasolacrimal Obstruction
Epiphora in the pediatric population often originates from a disorder of the lacrimal drainage system. In most cases, the cause is congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO), which often presents during…
Neuromonitoring in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
Introduction Endoscopic surgery of the cranial base is frequently utilized for pathologies such as pituitary adenoma, craniopharyngioma, chordoma, and chondrosarcoma. Such operations involve working in close proximity to critical neurovascular…
Transorbital Endoscopic and Neuroendoscopic Surgery
The development of transnasal endoscopic approaches to skull base pathology significantly decreased the surgical disruption and collateral damage relative to their open predecessors, such as the craniofacial and subcranial approaches….
Transcranial Approaches to the Optic Apparatus
Transcranial approaches to the optic apparatus include both traditional approaches, such as frontotemporal (pterional) and bifrontal craniotomies, as well as more recent minimally invasive keyhole approaches, including the supraorbital eyebrow…
Complications in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery
With continued advancements in endoscopic approaches for skull base surgery, understanding the risks and potential complications of these techniques is critical in planning surgical access and counseling patients. Extensive transclival…
Reconstructive Techniques in Endoscopic Skull Base and Orbital Surgery
Advances in endoscopic surgical techniques and instrumentation have led to an expansion in the size and diversity of skull base lesions that are amenable to endoscopic resection. However, one of…
