Posterior Vitreous Detachment
7.1 Features Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is the separation between the posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane of the retina. Usually it occurs after the fifth decade of life,…
Fluorescein Angiography
2.1 Diagnostic/Technology Overview Sodium fluorescein is an orange–red hydrocarbon molecule that circulates in the vasculature, 80% protein bound and 20% nonprotein bound. Nonprotein bound fluorescein will diffuse through fenestrated and leaky…
Retinal Tears and Holes
11.1 Features Retinal breaks are any full thickness disruption in the sensory retina providing a conduit for fluid to enter the potential space between the sensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium…
Case Studies
Case Studies 8 INNER RETINAL PATHOLOGY Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy CASE 1 History 57-year-old black male presents for a diabetic eye exam. Type 2 diabetes mellitus x 10 years. Blood sugar…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Technology
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Technology 2 EN FACE ANGIOGRAMS Inner Retina Figure 2-1. (A) Superficial capillary plexus. Slab: Internal limiting membrane (ILM) to inner plexiform layer (IPL) -10 μm. (B)…
Terminology
Terminology 4 EN FACE PROJECTION Two-dimensional views of segmented tissue layers (Figure 4-1). Figure 4-1. En face projection. SEGMENTATION Separation of volumetric flow information into anatomic layers (Figure 4-2). Figure…
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Overview
Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Overview 1 Optical coherence tomography angiography uses motion contrast to detect flow from the optical coherence tomography (OCT) data; thus, flow is defined as the difference…
Interpretation of Outer Retinal Disorders
Interpretation of Outer Retinal Disorders 6 NORMAL ANGIOGRAM/SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY B-SCAN In order to identify abnormalities, it is always important to remember what normal looks like (Figure 6-1). Figure…
Interpretation of Inner Retinal Disorders
Interpretation of Inner Retinal Disorders 5 NORMAL ANGIOGRAM/SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY B-SCAN In order to identify abnormalities, it is always important to remember what normal looks like (Figure 5-1). Figure…
Interpretation of Optic Nerve Head Disorders
Interpretation of Optic Nerve Head Disorders 7 NORMAL ANGIOGRAM/SPECTRAL-DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY B-SCAN In order to identify abnormalities, it is always important to remember what normal looks like (Figure 7-1)….
