Ocular Sarcoidosis
Features Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, can affect almost every organ, including the eye. Ocular involvement can be the presenting manifestation of the disease, requiring astute ophthalmic…
Bacterial Endophthalmitis
50.1 Features 50.1.1 Endogenous Endophthalmitis Endogenous endophthalmitis results from the hematogenous spread of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or mycobacteria) from distant foci to intraocular structures and accounts for 2 to 8% of all…
Persistent Fetal Vasculature
Features Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) occurs when the fetal vasculature of the eye fails to undergo the normal involution process. The cause of this incomplete regression of the fetal vasculature…
Multifocal Choroiditis and Panuveitis
Features Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) was first reported in 1973 in two patients who had a chorioretinopathy that resembled the lesions of presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS). In contrast…
Macular Telangiectasia
35.1 Features The Macular Telangiectasia Project proposed the classification of several retinal telangiectatic disorders into two distinct groups, now termed macular telangiectasia type 1 and type 2. Macular telangiectasia type 1…
West Nile Retinopathy
59.1 Features West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic disease due to a single-stranded RNA flavivirus of the same family as Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and yellow fever. WNV was…
Optic Pit-Related Maculopathy
49.1 Features Optic disc pits (ODPs) are a congenital deformity of the optic pit that affects men and women equally, with a prevalence of 1 in 11,000 people. Structural defects in…
Terson Syndrome
Features Terson syndrome is generally defined as the occurrence of any intraocular hemorrhage in patients suffering from cerebral diseases with raised intracranial pressure, classically subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It usually develops…
Solar Retinopathy
Features Solar retinopathy describes a focal retinal injury occurring in the setting of intense light exposure, characteristically associated with sun-gazing. It is also known as eclipse retinopathy, eclipse burn, solar…
Hypertensive Retinopathy
25.1 Features 25.1.1 Common Symptoms Ocular Range from asymptomatic to decreased visual acuity and scotoma typically related to the location and extent of hypertensive retinopathy changes. Systemic Headache, neurologic deficits, chest pain,…
