Ento Key

Fig. 40.1 Supraglottic collapse as noted during a microlaryngoscopy (a arytenoids, p pyriform sinus) Posterior Glottic Diastasis Posterior glottic diastasis is suspected in patients with a history of airway expansion…

Classification Percentage of glottis Characteristics Breathing Voice Treatment Type I <35% TVF easily seen in web Clear, unobstructed Slight hoarseness Often not required; dilation or excision via various techniques may…

Unsafe oral feeding may present as:  Choking, aspiration, adverse cardiorespiratory events (e.g., apnea, bradycardia) during oral feeds  Other adverse mealtime events (e.g., gagging, vomiting, fatigue, refusal) Delayed feeding skills may…

Fig. 31.1 Intraoperative view of endolaryngeal papilloma after exposure with the Lindholm laryngoscope Fig. 31.2 Intraoperative photos of patient who presented with airway distress and was found to have severe…

Fig. 38.1 Types of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula based on the Gross classification. (Reprinted with permission from Singh et al. [3]) Pathophysiology For the congenital variant of TE fistula, an incomplete…

Fig. 37.1 Esophageal linear furrowing (white arrowhead) EoE in children is often associated with atopic disease. Approximately 33–67% present with asthma, 30–90% have allergic rhinitis, and 20–60% have atopic dermatitis…

Disorder Criteria Achalasia and esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction Type I achalasia (classic) Elevated median IRP (>15 mmHg) 100% failed peristalsis DCI <100 mmHg Type II achalasia (with esophageal compression) Elevated median IRP…

Fig. 22.1 Appearance of benign mass lesions is varied within and across pathology types. Top row: normal; symmetric nodules; right sessile polyp; right sessile polyp with left reactive nodule. Middle…

Fig. 25.1 Diagram depicting insertion of an injection needle immediately anterior-lateral to the vocal process. (From Potsic, Cotton, Handler and Zur, Surgical Pediatric Otolaryngology. 2nd edition. Thieme, 2016, with permission)…

Fig. 6.1 Laryngeal cartilaginous framework Two additional structures provide structural support to the larynx: the quadrangular membrane and conus elasticus. The quadrangular membrane is an elastic structure that extends anteriorly…