Robotic Surgery Training
Fig. 4.1 Diagram of the pathway to robotic training 4.1 Didactics Most otolaryngologists are not familiar with the robotic system and therefore need an introduction to the technology. There is…
Anesthetic Consideration for Robotic Transoral Surgery
Monitors and lines 1. Standard ASA monitoring (pulse, ECG, ETCO2, NIBP) 2. Arterial line Safety 1. IV patency 2. Eyes secured 3. Teeth protected 4. Arms tucked 5. Pressure points…
Robotics in Surgery
Approach Site Pathology Number of published cases References TORS Oral cavity Malignancies 8 [25–27] Oropharynx: base of tongue and tonsils Malignancies 1,337 [24–36] Benign lesions 19 [13, 37–39] OSA 726…
Parathyroid Pathology
Fig. 30.1 Common ectopic locations for parathyroid glands . (a) Intrathyroidal; (b) Intrathymic The typical parathyroid gland is a thinly encapsulated ovoid gland measuring roughly 6 mm in greatest dimension,…
Surgery for Ectopic Parathyroid
Fig. 25.1 Parathyroid adenoma identified on office ultrasound Fig. 25.2 Posteriorly descended left superior parathyroid adenoma on ultrasound The abnormal inferior parathyroid gland is generally easier to image with ultrasound…
Parathyroid Physiology and Molecular Biology
Fig. 4.1 Bioactive vitamin D activates the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which interacts with a neighboring retinoic acid receptor. This complex then binds to the vitamin D response element (VDRE)…
CT Imaging for Parathyroid Disease
Fig. 14.1 Non-enhanced, arterial, and venous-phase (left to right) axial CT images from a 4DCT in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism shows an ovoid parathyroid adenoma posterior to the right…
Intraoperative Parathyroid Ultrasound
Fig. 23.1 Left inferior parathyroid adenoma abutting left common carotid artery and dorsal to left thyroid lobe. Transverse view. CCA common carotid artery, IJV internal jugular vein, SH/ST sternohyoid and…
Technologist’s Perspective of Parathyroid Scintigraphy
Fig. 40.1 It is important to examine the patient’s neck for any masses or signs of prior surgery before the patient is imaged. Also, when imaging, the patient’s chin should…
Complications of Parathyroid Surgery
Fig. 46.1 Vascular supply of the parathyroid glands and relationship with the thyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Edition 2, Greg W. Randolph,…
