Congenital hearing losses with onset in childhood, rather than at birth, arise from genetic susceptibility to deterioration in cochlear hearing levels over time. This may be hearing loss in isolation…
Anatomy of the Facial Nerve The facial nerve is a second pharyngeal (hyoid) arch derivative and therefore supplies structures derived from the same arch. 3 These include the muscles of…
Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) 18.2.1 Definition and Prevalence This is a congenital condition in which the lingual frenulum is abnormally short, resulting in reduced mobility of the tip of the tongue ( ▶…
Etiology of Pediatric Nasal Obstruction The major causes of nasal obstruction in children are listed in ▶ Table 16.1. Some are dealt with in more detail in Chapter 17 but…
Incidence Clefts of the lip and/or palate are the commonest facial anomaly, occurring in approximately in 1:700 live births. Cleft lip (with or without cleft palate) and clefts of the…
Physiology of Balance in Children 11.2.1 Maturation and Development In children, as in adults, the maintenance of equilibrium depends on sensory input from three major systems: Proprioceptive. Visual. Vestibular. In addition,…
Classification 10.2.1 Congenital Cholesteatoma Cholesteatoma is categorized as congenital, primary acquired, and secondary acquired. Congenital cholesteatoma is a true inclusion epidermoid incorporated into the temporal bone during embryonic development. The original…
Epidemiology and Prevalence Middle ear effusion is the most common ear disease that occurs in children and practically all are affected at some point. 1, 2 This is also the…
Congenital Disorders 26.2.1 Anatomical Anomalies Aplasia and Dysplasia Congenital anomalies of the salivary glands are very uncommon. Aplasia of the major salivary glands and atresia of their ducts has been described,…
Setting Up 2.2.1 The Waiting Area The clinic experience for the family starts well before they see you. Easy road access, car parking, a bright and friendly environment with adequate facilities…
