Tracheostomy

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Tracheostomy

Indications Tracheostomy is used to bypass an obstructed upper airway ( ▶ Fig. 23.1; ▶ Table 23.1 a). It reduces the respiratory “dead space” and permits easier instrumentation, including suctioning,…

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Acute Otitis Media

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Acute Otitis Media

Acute Otitis Media AOM is defined as a condition with acute inflammation of the ME cleft and the presence of an effusion, and is associated with the onset of the…

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Airway Obstruction in Children

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Airway Obstruction in Children

Physics of Airway Obstruction 20.2.1 Resistance to Airflow Poiseuille’s law (Box 20.1) explains changes that occur as fluid (liquid or gas) passes through a tube. It describes the relationship between pressure…

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Disorders of the Middle Ear

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Disorders of the Middle Ear

Perforation 9.2.1 Prevalence and Classification Perforation of the eardrum is a common childhood event (see ▶ 7). Box 9.1 shows the causes of TM perforations in children. The most common is…

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Disorders of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Reflux

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Disorders of the Esophagus and Gastroesophageal Reflux

Congenital Disorders 28.2.1 Tracheoesophageal Fistula Anatomy, Prevalence, and Associations Tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) describes an abnormal communication between the trachea and the esophagus. The prevalence is approximately 1 in 1,400 live births….

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Facial Palsy Reconstruction in Children

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Facial Palsy Reconstruction in Children

Anatomy of the Facial Nerve The facial nerve is a second pharyngeal (hyoid) arch derivative and therefore supplies structures derived from the same arch. 3 These include the muscles of…

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Tongue, Floor of Mouth, Adenoids, and Tonsils

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Tongue, Floor of Mouth, Adenoids, and Tonsils

Tongue-Tie (Ankyloglossia) 18.2.1 Definition and Prevalence This is a congenital condition in which the lingual frenulum is abnormally short, resulting in reduced mobility of the tip of the tongue ( ▶…

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Nasal Obstruction in Children

Jun 29, 2018 by in OTOLARYNGOLOGY Comments Off on Nasal Obstruction in Children

Etiology of Pediatric Nasal Obstruction The major causes of nasal obstruction in children are listed in ▶ Table 16.1. Some are dealt with in more detail in Chapter 17 but…

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