Paracentral Acute Middle Maculopathy SALIENT FEATURES Paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM) is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) finding defined by the presence of a hyperreflective band at the level of…
Retinal Macroaneurysm SALIENT FEATURES Retinal artery macroaneurysm (RAM) is a rare, acquired, round or fusiform dilation of the retinal arteriole, most commonly found along the temporal arcades.1,2,3,4 RAM is most…
Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO) usually results from occlusion of a division of the retinal artery due to embolism leading to sudden segmental visual…
Central Retinal Artery Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) results most commonly due to embolism or intravascular thrombosis causing sudden, painless, monocular visual loss as a result of…
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Retinal vein occlusion is the second most common retinal vascular disease after diabetic retinopathy.1 In central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO), the occlusion is at…
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion SALIENT FEATURES Branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) is a venous occlusion at any branch of the central retinal vein. It is thought to be secondary to…
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy SALIENT FEATURES Any appearance of neovascularization (NV) in an eye with underlying diabetic retinopathy qualifies as proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Neovascularization can present as neovascularization of the…
Diabetic Macular Edema SALIENT FEATURES Diabetic macular edema (DME), the most common cause of visual loss in patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR), is prevalent in 4.2% to 12.8% of patients…
Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy SALIENT FEATURES Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) is a constellation of retinal changes due to a chronic hyperglycemia-induced microangiography that is staged as mild, moderate, or severe. Mild…
The Normal Retina and Choroid OCT IMAGING The basic principles for tissue reflectivity: Retinal layers with cellular components yield low reflectivity. In contrast, retinal layers with synaptic or fiber layers…
