Optic Nerve Decompression The Evolution of Optic Nerve Decompression Although endoscopic transnasal surgery has become a widely used method for optic nerve decompression, its emergence would not be conceivable without…
Endoscopic orbital decompression was developed soon after the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery. The technique was first described by Kennedy et al. in 1990 and Michel et al. in 1991…
Orbital decompression surgery is being increasingly used in the treatment of urgent and nonurgent complications related to Graves ophthalmopathy. An understanding of the specific indication for pursuing surgery is critical…
Thyroid eye disease (TED) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder that affects the periocular soft tissues. TED is associated with Graves disease (GD) and is synonymous with Graves orbitopathy/ophthalmopathy and thyroid-related…
Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is the definitive treatment for epiphora caused by nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). The procedure creates a functioning passageway for tears from the lacrimal sac into the nasal cavity…
Pearls • Outcomes after revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (endoscopic DCR) are excellent and the preferred approach when possible. • Endoscopic DCR allows the surgeon to thoroughly evaluate the neo-ostium and address…
Diseases within the tear duct system can interfere with tear drainage and result in epiphora. Poor drainage with secretion retention may result in inflammation and infection. In the majority of…
In the evaluation of patients with acquired tearing, the first step is to assess whether epiphora (tearing caused by insufficient drainage) or lacrimation (hypersecretion of tears) is the cause of…
Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy Nasolacrimal duct dysfunction, whether by lacrimal pump failure or nasolacrimal obstruction, prevents the flow of tears through the lacrimal system, resulting in epiphora. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is a commonly…
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a blockage of the lacrimal drainage system and the most common cause of persistent tearing and ocular discharge in infants and young children. The…
