10.1055/b-0038-162777 7.2 Thyroid Evaluation Key Features Thyroid function tests are common procedures performed to determine how well the thyroid is functioning. Evaluation may include blood tests and imaging (ultrasound), nuclear…
10.1055/b-0038-162775 7.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Thyroid Gland Key Features The thyroid is an H-shaped vascular gland located in the anterior lower neck just below the larynx. Its function…
10.1055/b-0038-162774 6.4 The Salivary Glands 6.4.0 Embryology and Anatomy of the Salivary Glands Key Features The salivary glands begin to form at 6 to 9 weeks gestation. The major salivary…
10.1055/b-0038-162773 6.3 Head and Neck Cancer Key Features Head and neck cancer comprises a heterogeneous group of tumors, consisting predominantly of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the upper aerodigestive tract….
10.1055/b-0038-162770 6.0 Anatomy of the Neck Surgically, it is useful to consider the neck anatomy in terms of compartments or levels and to consider fascial layers. The neck is covered…
10.1055/b-0038-162772 6.2 Approach to Neck Masses Key Features A neck mass may be inflammatory, congenital, or neoplastic. It may be anterior (midline), lateral, posterolateral, or supraclavicular. The patient′s history should…
10.1055/b-0038-162771 6.1 Neck Emergencies 6.1.1 Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections of the Head and Neck Key Features Necrotizing fasciitis is a soft tissue infection that causes necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous…
10.1055/b-0038-162763 5.0 Anatomy and Physiology of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract The upper aerodigestive tract is composed of the nasal cavity, nasopharynx, oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, and esophagus. The…
10.1055/b-0038-162769 5.6 Laryngeal Manifestations of Systemic Diseases Key Features Systemic diseases may generate vocal and airway consequences. Management of the underlying systemic illness may or may not enable reversal of…
10.1055/b-0038-162768 5.5 Acid Reflux Disorders Key Features Laryngopharyngeal reflux is distinct from classic gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The work-up may involve an endoscopy, barium studies, and a pH probe. Extraesophageal…
