Introduction Salivary ductal stenosis is a common cause of parotid gland obstruction. In the past, parotid strictures had been treated with sialography-guided balloon dilation. A number of case series demonstrated…
Introduction Salivary duct stenosis is a relatively rare pathologic condition. Of the stenosis cases, 70–75% are located in the parotid duct system. Salivary duct stenosis is the second most common…
Introduction The introduction of sialendoscopy into clinical medicine and its combination with other treatment modalities has led to a pronounced change of treatment during the last 25 years. Development of…
Introduction After procedures for stone retrieval, both stent placement and performing a marsupialization reduces the risk of stricture to the duct or papilla. Salivary flow during the healing process is…
Introduction The widespread adoption of sialendoscopy is largely due to successful management of patient symptoms (~70–80%) and gland preservation (~95%) that avoids the potential serious complications of gland extirpation. This…
Submandibular Strictures Obstructive submandibular sialadenitis is characterized by recurrent swelling during meal time, reduced or absent saliva secretion from the affected gland, without a concomitant reduction in saliva production, followed…
34.1 Pleomorphic Adenoma Pleomorphic Adenoma Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is an enigmatic tumor with a variety of names, including adenoma multiforme and benign mixed tumor. It is one of 15 benign…
Introduction Ductal stenosis produces symptoms of obstruction once luminal diameter is reduced below 1.6 mm (~30% loss of diameter) when fully dilated. Unlike stones, ductal stenosis is more common in the…
Introduction Interventional sialendoscopy has evolved into a range of endoscopic approaches and combined (transoral and external) approaches to manage salivary stones and ductal stenosis in an effort to facilitate gland…
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is a systemic autoimmune disease primarily affecting the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in dry eyes, dry mouth, and salivary gland swellings. SS may occur primarily or…
