External Approach to the Paranasal Sinuses
4. Chronic frontal sinusitis 5. Frontal sinus obliteration – Comminuted and/or displaced posterior table fractures – Cerebrospinal fluid leak – Severe frontal outflow tract obstruction 6. Reduction of frontal sinus…
Radiologic Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses and Skull Base
orbital fat density and fluid collections on the medial or superior orbital wall. Subperiosteal abscesses are rim-enhancing collections between the periorbita and orbital wall; these lesions are well demonstrated by…
Urticaria and Angioedema
FIGURE 34–1. Urticaria. FIGURE 34–2. Angioedema involving the tongue obstructing the airway. Angioedema • Inflammation occurs in the mucosa and deeper dermis. • Extravasation involves deep dermal vessels. • Histamine…
Sinonasal Development and Anatomy
• Infratip lobule: portion of lobule located inferior to tip-defining point and superior to infratip break • Infratip break: lobule-columella junction • Nasal sill: nostril rim located between columella and…
The Nasopharynx
FIGURE 35–1. Anatomy of nasopharynx (sagittal). • Inferior: soft palate (free edge) • Superior/posterior: skull base, clivus, C1 Anatomic Subsites • Roof • Lateral walls • Posterior pharyngeal wall IMAGING…
Benign Sinonasal Tumors
TABLE 25–1. Sinonasal Papilloma Exophytic Papilloma • Pathophysiology: 1. More common in males (8:1), most common in fifth decade 2. Most arise from nasal septum; rarely involves vestibule, turbinates, or…
Malignant Sinonasal Tumors
Biopsy • Endoscopic biopsies prior to definitive surgical procedure and radiological evaluation Classification • WHO classification for malignant sinonasal tumours 1. Malignant epithelial: (a) SCC, (b) adenoid cystic carcinoma, (c)…
Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction
• History of prior nasal or sinus surgery may compromise flap harvesting and selection of tissue for skull base reconstruction. • Previous sphenoid surgery may have compromised the posterior septal…
