This article discusses the classic and contemporary management strategies for treating frontal sinus fractures. The goals of management of frontal sinus fractures are to create a safe sinus by minimizing…
Kofi Derek O. Boahene, MD, Editor Anthony E. Brissett, MD, FACS, Editor The principles for managing maxillofacial trauma are well established. However, the rapid evolution of technology has broadened the…
Head and neck cancer is a unique cause of dysphagia. Altered swallow function can be secondary to the mechanical effects of a tumor invading normal anatomy needed for deglutition, or…
Aspiration risk from dysphagia increases with central and peripheral neurologic disease. Stroke, microvascular ischemic disease, a spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, and advancing dementia all have unique aspects. However, there are…
The cricopharyngeus muscle (CPM) is a key component of the upper esophageal sphincter (UES). In dysphagia, cricopharyngeus muscle dysfunction (CPD) refers to the muscle’s failure to appropriately and completely relax…
Glottal closure is an important part of the mechanism that protects the airway during the normal swallow. Glottal insufficiency disrupts glottal closure and therefore puts patients at risk of aspiration….
This article provides an overview of nonsurgical and nonpharmacologic treatments for oropharyngeal dysphagia. The speech-language pathologist (SLP) is the primary member of the swallowing management team who will provide this…
This article introduces the pathogenesis and relevant anatomy of Zenker diverticulum. The clinical symptoms and relevant investigation are presented along with the various therapeutic interventions including open and endoscopic approaches….
Patients with dysphagia are at high risk for malnutrition. Several strategies may be used to address the nutritional needs of these patients. Dietary modification, the addition of oral supplements, or…
This article contains a brief atlas for esophageal dysphagia, with an emphasis on endoscopic evaluation. Dysphagia refers to an abnormality with food propulsion, and it may be caused by oropharyngeal…
