Embryotoxon
Alex V. Levin BASICS DESCRIPTION Posterior embryotoxon (PE) is a thickened and anteriorly displaced Schwalbe’s line. The PE may be discontinuous. Schwalbe’s line is the circumferential collagenous band at the…
Cellulitis
Alan R. Forman BASICS DESCRIPTION • An infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum. By definition, the infection does not involve intraorbital tissue. • Synonym:…
(German Measles)
Chirag P. Shah BASICS DESCRIPTION • Rubella is a worldwide contagious viral infection best known for its distinctive red rash. • It is also known as German measles because it…
Macroaneurysm
Carl D. Regillo BASICS DESCRIPTION • Acquired retinal macroaneurysms are focal saccular or fusiform dilations of retinal arterioles within the first three orders of branching of the arteriolar system: –…
Nerve Cupping
L. Jay Katz BASICS DESCRIPTION • Optic nerve cupping can be physiological. • Pathological optic nerve cupping is a manifestation of regional ganglion cell death and loss of ganglion cell…
Nerve Hypoplasia
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Abnormally small optic nerve; often appears pale or gray in color – 80% are bilateral, but may be asymmetric • Most common congenital optic disc anomaly encountered;…
Coats’ Disease
Carol L. Shields BASICS DESCRIPTION • Nonhereditary condition • Unilateral • Retinal telangiectasia • Retinal exudation • Exudative retinal detachment • Classification proposed by Shields et al: – Stage 1….
Limbic Keratoconjunctivitis (SLK)
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Ocular surface disorder is characterized by foreign body sensation, pain out of proportion to exam, and photophobia. The presentation is typically bilateral and frequently asymmetrical. • Classic…
Pigmentosa
Sunir J. Garg BASICS DESCRIPTION • Group of hereditary, progressive retinal diseases that result in the degeneration of rod (mainly) and cone photoreceptors; the degeneration starts in the mid-periphery and…
