Body Intraorbital
BASICS DESCRIPTION Intraorbital foreign bodies (IOFBs) occur as a result of a high-velocity penetrating injury or direct impalement of an object. EPIDEMIOLOGY The majority are male, typically of young age…
Hypoplasia
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Clinical condition characterized by an abnormal funduscopic appearance of the macula and decrease or absence of the foveal reflex and varying degrees of macular hypoplasia • Macular…
Exudative Vitreoretinopathy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a rare, inherited disorder in which one of several known gene mutations results in abnormal development of the retinal vasculature, characterized by…
Cell Arteritis
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is also known as temporal arteritis or granulomatous arteritis. • It is a systemic inflammatory vasculitis that affects medium-sized to large arteries. •…
Corneal Dystrophy
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Fuchs’ corneal dystrophy is a progressive, bilateral, noninflammatory condition characterized by the development of focal excrescences of Descemet’s membrane with resultant guttae, loss of endothelial cells, and…
Dacryocystitis
Jacqueline R. Carrasco BASICS DESCRIPTION • Dacryocystitis is an inflammatory condition of the lacrimal sac, usually infectious in nature • May occur as sequelae of nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO), and…
keratopathy
BASICS DESCRIPTION Corneal damage due to evaporative tear loss and disrupted tear dynamics in the setting of improper lid closure and movement. EPIDEMIOLOGY Incidence Uncommon Prevalence Low overall, but prevalence…
Disease/Neuromyelitis Optica
BASICS DESCRIPTION Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) or Devic’s disease is an autoimmune relapsing demyelinating disease of the CNS that has been thought to be a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS). It…
Alcohol Syndrome
BASICS DESCRIPTION • Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe end on the continuum known as Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD), an umbrella term that encompasses the adverse effects…
