Behçet Disease
Common Symptoms Ocular complaints (noted in up to 50% of Behçet patients) are usually bilateral; symptoms include photophobia, eye pain, decreased vision, red eye, and floaters. Systemic manifestations, including oral…
Radiation Retinopathy
23.1 Features While clinical findings of radiation retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy (DR) overlap considerably, a discussion of the initiating insults can provide a better understanding of the disease process. Ionizing radiation…
Pattern Dystrophy
34.1 Features Pattern dystrophies (PDs) include a group of genetically determined retinal disorders, of which, a major subset have been associated with mutations in the PRPH2 gene, also known as peripherin/RDS….
Ocular Tuberculosis
56.1 Features Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) infects one-third of the world’s population. In the United States, the overall case rate of active TB is rare. Foreign-born persons constitute approximately two-thirds of those…
Toxocariasis
53.1 Features Ocular toxocariasis (OT) is a helminthic disease that may cause a large spectrum of ocular complications. It is one of the most common parasitic causes of visual loss in…
Primary Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
12.1 Features Retinal tears most frequently develop from vitreous traction, often during a posterior vitreous detachment (PVD). Such tears are typically horseshoe in configuration, with an anterior retinal “flap” that is…
Talc Retinopathy
Features Talc (magnesium silicate) serves as a common vehicle for many intravenous medications used for recreational use such as heroin, codeine, meperidine, pentazocine, methadone, and methylphenidate hydrochloride (Ritalin). Intravenous injection…
Macular Holes
9.1 Features A full-thickness macular hole (FTMH) is a complete retinal defect that results in the separation of retinal layers and typically occurs in the fovea. FTMH prevalence has been reported…
Laser Maculopathy
Features In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates laser products. The FDA classifies lasers as class 1 through 4 based on type of light emitted and…
Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration
26.1 Features Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a degenerative disorder of the choroid and outer retina, and the most common cause of blindness in those over the age of 50 in…
