Susac Syndrome
Features Susac syndrome is an immune-mediated disease of the brain, retina, and inner ear that produces ischemia, pauci-inflammation, and occlusive microvascular endotheliopathy. The three common manifestations of Susac syndrome are…
Serpiginous Choroiditis
Common Symptoms Typically presents with unilateral vision loss in fourth to seventh decades of life but usually have bilateral fundus findings as below; paracentral or central scotomas; decreased vision if…
Sickle Cell Retinopathy
24.1 Features Sickle cell retinopathy (SR) is more common among patients who have the SC or SThal genotype than those with the SS genotype. One study estimated the lifetime incidence of…
Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria
Common Symptoms A history of orbital bullet injury with associated signs and symptoms of orbital trauma. Visual acuity is variably affected based on the presence of associated trauma including maculopathy…
Hypotony Maculopathy
46.1 Features Dellaporta first clinically described hypotony and reduced vision following glaucoma procedures or perforating eye injuries in 1954. Years later, Gass used the term “hypotony maculopathy” to highlight the macular…
Commotio Retinae
Common Symptoms Asymptomatic. Decreased vision may be experienced if macula is involved. Mild/transient to severe/permanent declines in visual acuity depending on the degree/location of photoreceptor damage; associated with blunt trauma/contrecoup…
Choroidal Detachments
Features A choroidal detachment is a collection of serous fluid or blood that forms in the space separating the choroid and sclera (the suprachoroidal space). Other common terms for choroidal…
Gyrate Atrophy
41.1 Features Gyrate atrophy (GA) of the choroid and retina is a rare, genetically determined, autosomal recessive, slowly progressive chorioretinal dystrophy characterized by sharply demarcated areas of chorioretinal atrophy in the…
Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinitis
Features Diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN) is a typically monocular inflammatory condition caused by various subretinal nematodes. DUSN tends to affect younger individuals and is classified into early and late…
Paraneoplastic Retinopathies
38.1 Features Cancer-associated retinopathy (CAR) is a photoreceptor degenerative disorder, representing a remote effect of various types of tumors and is associated with presence of various types of antiretinal antibodies in…
