Ento Key

Features Ebola is an enveloped, single-strand, negative polarity RNA virus transmitted through direct contact with bodily fluids/tissues from humans (e.g., blood, secretions, semen, saliva, urine, and breast milk) or animal…

54.1 Features Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is retinitis with occlusive vasculitis caused by a viral infection with an associated high risk of vision loss due to macular involvement, retinal detachment, and…

57.1 Features Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis occurs most frequently in patients with severe immunocompromise as a consequence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is the most common ocular opportunistic infection among these…

Features First described in 1941, presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS), also known as ocular histoplasmosis or ocular histoplasmosis syndrome, has been debated as a separate condition from multifocal chorioretinitis and…

58.1 Features Ocular features of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were first identified in the 1980s. The most common ocular manifestation of HIV is noninfectious occlusive microangiopathy, more commonly known as HIV…

43.1 Features Stargardt disease is the most commonly inherited macular dystrophy, with prevalence ranging from 1 in 8,000 to 1 in 10,000. Diagnosis can be difficult as the disease has an…

40.1 Features Albinism is a rare genetically heterogeneous inherited disorder of impaired melanin biosynthesis that is characterized by specific changes in the eye and visual pathway with or without reduced pigmentation…

Features Despite the increasing prevalence of melanoma worldwide, the mortality from this disease entity continues to decline due to improved and targeted therapies. Specifically in the case of metastatic disease,…

Features After the release of a large, randomized, multicentered, prospective trial by the European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons, which showed a fivefold decrease in the rates of postoperative…

30.1 Features Pathologic myopia is usually associated with chorioretinal abnormalities such as lacquer cracks, myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV; ▶ Fig. 30.1), chorioretinal atrophy, and pigmentary degeneration. These abnormalities are the causes…