Features Purtscher and Purtscher-like retinopathies are a group of retinal vascular diseases secondary to trauma or other disease processes with characteristic retinal findings, including polygonal inner retinal whitening, cotton wool…
Features A choroidal rupture is defined as a break in the choriocapillaris, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium. Choroidal ruptures occur after 5 to 10% of blunt force trauma. They…
Features Choroidal melanoma is a primary cancer of the eye arising from the pigmented cells of the choroid. Choroidal melanomas are chemoresistant tumors and are life-threatening due to their metastatic…
Features A macular hole is a full-thickness loss of the neurosensory retina, traditionally at the fovea, leading to decreased visual acuity and central visual distortion. Idiopathic macular holes caused by…
Features Birdshot retinochoroiditis (BRC), also referred to as birdshot chorioretinopathy, is a chronic uveitic condition affecting the retina, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choroid. The etiology of BRC is unclear,…
31.1 Features Angioid streaks are an ocular pathology of striking clinical appearance. The streaks present as reddish breaks in Bruch’s membrane that radiate and branch from the nerve, often emulating the…
48.1 Features Chorioretinal folds (CRFs) are anatomically characterized by undulations of the inner choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and overlying retinal pigment epithelium. This clinical appearance results from underlying choroidal alterations that push…
39.1 Features Congenital stationary night blindness (CSNB) encompasses many disorders that have a spectrum of clinical and electrophysiologic findings as well as molecular causes. The gene associations are as follows: CSNB1…
19.1 Features Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) vary considerably based on distribution of the venous occlusive event, perfusion status of the affected retina, duration of untreated disease, and presence or absence of…
37.1 Features Cone dystrophy is a category of inherited retinal degenerations that is characterized by primary degeneration of the cone photoreceptors with or without secondary involvement of the rod photoreceptors, which…
