Optic Pit-Related Maculopathy
49.1 Features Optic disc pits (ODPs) are a congenital deformity of the optic pit that affects men and women equally, with a prevalence of 1 in 11,000 people. Structural defects in…
Terson Syndrome
Features Terson syndrome is generally defined as the occurrence of any intraocular hemorrhage in patients suffering from cerebral diseases with raised intracranial pressure, classically subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). It usually develops…
Solar Retinopathy
Features Solar retinopathy describes a focal retinal injury occurring in the setting of intense light exposure, characteristically associated with sun-gazing. It is also known as eclipse retinopathy, eclipse burn, solar…
Hypertensive Retinopathy
25.1 Features 25.1.1 Common Symptoms Ocular Range from asymptomatic to decreased visual acuity and scotoma typically related to the location and extent of hypertensive retinopathy changes. Systemic Headache, neurologic deficits, chest pain,…
Choroideremia
42.1 Features Choroideremia is X-linked chorioretinal dystrophy characterized by progressive degeneration and atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), choriocapillaris, and retina. First described by Mauthnuer in 1872, its prevalence is…
Pars Planitis
Features Intermediate uveitis is the general terminology for inflammation localized predominantly in the vitreous, ciliary body, and peripheral retina that may or may not be associated with an infectious agent…
Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
28.1 Features Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is known to be more common in people of Asian and African ancestry. Clinically, PCV is characterized by polypoidal aneurysmal dilations of network vessels originating…
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy
Features Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) is an idiopathic bilateral inflammatory condition most often affecting young individuals aged 20 to 40 years with equal sex predilection. The disease…
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
Features Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is unilateral, multifocal retinitis that affects young, myopic women aged 12 to 57 years, with a mean age of 27 years. Females are…
Retinitis Pigmentosa
36.1 Features Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous conditions affecting approximately 1 in 4,000 individuals. RP can be inherited in an autosomal dominant (15–25%), autosomal recessive…
