Thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsies are cytologically indeterminate in 15% to 30% of cases. When cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules undergo diagnostic surgery, approximately three-quarters prove to be histologically benign. A negative…
Cases are presented in light of the current diagnostic and therapeutic trends in management of thyroid nodules and well-differentiated cancers. Demographic, historical, and population-based risk factors are used to risk…
Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy and its incidence has increased over the past few decades. Most patients with thyroid cancer have an excellent prognosis, but there is…
Key points • Distinct genetic alterations involving the mitogen-activated protein kinase and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathways characterize thyroid cancer subtypes, and can be detected in preoperative fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens….
The management of regional lymph nodes in thyroid carcinoma is guided by preoperative evaluation, histologic subtype, and often a consideration of data for potential benefit and morbidity of a neck…
Recent technologic advances have engendered alternative and innovative approaches to thyroid surgery aimed at reducing cosmetic sequelae. Minimally invasive techniques via small anterior cervical incisions hidden in natural skin creases…
This article outlines features of the biology of well differentiated thyroid cancer, and how these impact on systems of risk prediction. It covers salient points that the surgeon should consider…
Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) is the key step in selecting most patients with thyroid nodules for or against surgery. Accurate acquisition of cytologic samples from suspicious lesions is achieved…
This article is intended to demystify the process for those with a potential interest in acquiring ultrasound skills. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review of head and…
This article covers, in a comprehensive way, thyroid cytopathology. The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytology is reviewed, with emphasis on the atypical and indeterminate diagnostic categories. Immunohistochemistry stains and…
