10.1055/b-0037-149071 13 Miscellaneous Retinal Vascular ConditionsFrank Siringo, Ingrid U. Scott, and Lawrence A. Yannuzzi 13.1 Hypertensive Retinopathy Grade 0: No changes Grade 1: Barely detectable arteriolar narrowing Grade 2: Obvious…
10.1055/b-0037-149072 14 Age-Related Macular DegenerationAshleigh L. Levison, Paula E. Pecen, and Peter K. Kaiser 14.1 Introduction Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic, progressive disease of the macula, and it…
10.1055/b-0037-149074 16 Central Serous ChorioretinopathyM. Ali Khan and Jason Hsu 16.1 Introduction Central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) is a complex chorioretinal disorder characterized by a circumscribed serous (exudative) retinal detachment that…
10.1055/b-0037-149067 9 Retinal Venous Occlusive DiseaseAmol D. Kulkarni, Michael S. Ip, and Ingrid U. Scott 9.1 Introduction Retinal venous occlusive disease is the second most common retinal vascular disease following…
10.1055/b-0037-149070 12 Retinopathy of PrematurityYoshihiro Yonekawa and R. V. Paul Chan First edition chapter originally authored by J. Arch McNamara and Brian P. Connolly 12.1 Introduction Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)…
10.1055/b-0037-149069 11 Cystoid Macular EdemaStephen J. Kim and Ingrid U. Scott 11.1 Introduction Cystoid macular edema (CME) can be broadly defined as the accumulation of excess fluid in the extracellular…
10.1055/b-0037-149064 6 UltrasonographyCathy DiBernardo 6.1 Introduction During the past couple of decades, ophthalmic ultrasound has become an important and often necessary tool to aid in the diagnosis and management of…
10.1055/b-0037-149063 5 Optical Coherence TomographyJay S. Duker and Gregory Lee 5.1 Introduction Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive diagnostic imaging technology that renders in vivo cross-sectional images of light-scattering…
10.1055/b-0037-149062 4 Fundus AngiographySuqin Yu and Lawrence A. Yannuzzi The unique optical properties of the eye permit a more detailed noninvasive examination of human vasculature than in any other tissue….
10.1055/b-0037-149061 3 Examination of the FundusAllen Chiang and William E. Benson 3.1 Peripheral Retinal Examination 3.1.1 Indirect Ophthalmoscopy Principles and Advantages The standard technique for examining the retina is binocular…
