Ento Key

Non-ablative Lasers in Aesthetics Selina R. McGee Skin aging is a complex and dynamic process. Bone loss, muscle atrophy, loss of collagen and elastin, as well as skin thinning all…

Ablative Lasers in Aesthetics Selina R. McGee The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser with a wavelength of 10,600 nm has long been the gold standard in dermatology for skin resurfacing since…

Intense Pulsed Light Therapy Selina R. McGee Karl Stonecipher Intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy was initially developed for the treatment of leg telangiectasias and has become the standard treatment for…

Laser Retinopexy Alan R. Hromas Laser retinopexy refers to the use of photocoagulative laser in an attempt to halt the progression of retinal pathology threatening symptomatic retinal detachment. Treatment involves…

Laser Floater Treatment (Vitreolysis) I. Paul Singh Like most providers, I downplayed floaters in the past because I felt there was nothing I could do. Now, after performing more than…

Focal and Grid Macular Laser James R. Singer Focal and grid macular laser have been a cornerstone treatment of various retinal diseases for decades. The most common applications over the…

Panretinal Photocoagulation Alan R. Hromas Retinal ischemia is a common manifestation of a number of vascular diseases causing impairment of retinal circulation, including diabetic retinopathy, retinal arterial and venous occlusion,…

Nd:YAG Capsulotomy Jason Ellen Sophia Leung The use of a quick-pulsed neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser (1064 nm) for capsulotomy dates back to the early 1980s. A plasma microexplosion…

Peripheral Iridotomy and Iridoplasty Jeff M. Miller The concept of pupillary block is central to understanding the mechanism of a peripheral iridotomy (PI). As forward aqueous flow between the lens…

Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery John P. Berdahl Justin A. Schweitzer Adam R. Bleeker Since its inception in the early 1980s, the neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser has played a…