Figure 11–1. Normal stomach. (Republished from Quick Reference to Upper GI Motility with the permission of Janssen Pharmaceutica.) The lower esophageal sphincter (LES), like most of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract,…
Figure 1–1. A. Cartilages of the larynx. B. Schematic representation of position changes of laryngeal cartilages illustrating the most extreme positions achieved by each. (Reproduced with permission from Pernkopf.1) The…
Figure 12–1. Fixation of the right vocal fold secondary to cricoarytenoid joint fixation in a 53-year-old patient diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and receiving methotrexate. Based on the aforementioned, most of…
Figure 9–1. A 40-year-old women with symptoms of throat clearing, dryness, and change in voice quality. Laryngeal examination showing evidence of laryngitis sicca. Two: Direct Irritation of the Vocal Folds…
Figure 6–1. A. Compensatory supraglottic hyperfunctional behavior in a 76-year-old patient with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. Note the medialization of the false vocal fold and the anteroposterior shortening between the…
Figure 4–1. Video print obtained from a strobovideolaryngoscopic examination shows diffuse erythema from acute laryngitis. Additionally, there is a left sulcus vocalis. Also visible is an ecstatic vessel on the…
aAdapted from Wesner et al.40 Powell,45 using the terminology of Rafferty, Smith, and Ptacek,46 distinguished debilitating performance anxiety from normal apprehension or anxiety that facilitates performance. Salmon contended that anxiety…
