Ento Key

Fig. 9.1 (a, b) The perforator’s course is evaluated with a CTA exam. The “best” perforator should have a short intramuscular portion to facilitate the dissection during surgery With the…

Scheme 13.1 Anatomy of the flap and leg compartments The lower leg is divided into four compartments: anterior, lateral, posterior, and deep. The anterior compartment is bounded by interosseous membrane…

Fig. 11.1 Flap design 11.4.2 Surgical Steps 11.4.2.1 Step 1 The cutaneous and subcutaneous layers are incised along the designated line using a blade or electric scalpel, for 20 cm, of…

Fig. 10.1 Anatomical landmark identification and patient positioning 10.3.2 Flap Design The main surgical landmarks are the scapula especially the tip and the lateral board, the anterior superior iliac spine,…

Fig. 6.1 Doppler identification of the vascular pedicle 6.3.2 Patient Positioning Flap harvesting is performed with the patient in the supine position. The abdomen is exposed from the xiphoid to…

Fig. 8.1 Anatomy of perforator vessels in ALT flap 8.1.2 Artery The deep femoral artery is a branch of the femoral artery that travels down the thigh closed to the…

Fig. 5.1 Vascular and nervous anatomy of the flap 5.2 Analytical Factors and Technical Considerations 5.2.1 Venous Drainage: Superficial and Deep Vein System Since the initial description of RFFF by…

Fig. 3.1 Surgeons working position at microscope For both surgeon and assistant, the ideal position for a micro-anastomosis is on the surface, not in a deep hole or under a…

Type A A pedicled flap based on several vessels entering the base of the flap and following the long axis of the flap Type B A pedicled or a free…

Fig. 7.1 Preoperative setting and flap design 7.3.1.1 Step 1 The entrance of the pedicle on the deep surface of the gracilis muscle is then marked 10 cm below the…