Case Studies
(11) School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 8.1.1 Background A 31-year-old female (RM), diagnosed with moderate dry eye 6 months previously by her…
(11) School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand 8.1.1 Background A 31-year-old female (RM), diagnosed with moderate dry eye 6 months previously by her…
Fig. 7.1 Concept of aging The free radical theory: Generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) eventually overwhelms the counteracting antioxidant defenses leading to cellular damage and aging. The metabolic theory:…
Testing category Specific test(s) Tests for a general clinic Tests for a specialized unit Symptoms Questionnaires McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI, SPEED, and others McMonnies, Schein, OSDI, DEQ, OCI,…
Fig. 6.1 Inferior conjunctivochalasis The primary indication for surgical intervention for conjunctivochalasis is intolerance of foreign body sensation. The most common locations of excess conjunctiva causing symptoms include inferiorly and…
Fig. 1.1 Etiological classification of dry eye Aqueous–deficient dry eye is due to lacrimal disease or dysfunction, whereby tear hyperosmolarity is caused by evaporation from a reduced volume of tears….
Treatment goals Tests Relieve symptoms Symptom questionnaire: McMonnies, OSDI Enhance lubrication Lid-wiper fluorescein staining Stabilize tear film TFBUT Protect ocular surface cells Ocular Protection Index Retard evaporative tear loss Tear…
Fig. 4.1 Preservative-free unit-dose vials Fig. 4.2 COMOD® system for preservative-free multidose containers AT consists of an active ingredient that promotes ocular surface wetting, buffering agents, preservatives, electrolytes, and other…
Authors Study duration Region/country Population studied Age (years) Definition Denominator Prevalence 95 % CI Schein et al. (1997) 1993–1995 USA 2,420 participants in the Salisbury Eye Study 65≤ At least…