Allergic Rhinitis and Rhinosinusitis
A relationship between allergic rhinitis and acute and chronic rhinosinusitis has been postulated for many years. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that such a relationship is likely. In addition, evidence of a…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Asthma and Rhinitis: Comorbidities
The connection between asthma and rhinitis is not a new discovery. Significant progress has been made in understanding the relationship of these two conditions, however, and the implications of the…
The Unified Airway—Conceptual Framework
Substantial evidence exists to support the concept that the respiratory system functions as an integrated unit. Pathophysiological processes that involve the upper airway generally occur in conjunction with lower airway…
Intraoperative Emergencies During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: CSF Leak and Orbital Hematoma
Among the several risks encountered in endoscopic sinus surgery, catastrophic orbital bleeding and iatrogenic cerebrospinal fluid leak are the two serious complications surgeons most fear. This article discusses these avoidable…
Temporal Bone Fracture: Evaluation and Management in the Modern Era
Temporal bone fractures occur from high-energy mechanisms, typically but not limited to motor vehicle accidents. However, as the automotive industry continues to introduce improved safety measures, violence and falls account…
Sudden Hearing Loss
Sudden sensorineural hearing loss is a medical emergency in search of an appropriate treatment. Almost all aspects of this disease process are disputed in the literature. The natural course of…
Facial Nerve Paralysis
Emotions are communicated through facial expression. Happiness, confusion, and frustration can be expressed with a slight smile, eyebrow shift, or wrinkled nose. Injury to the facial nerve and subsequent inability…
Epiglottitis and Croup
Infections of the upper airways are a frequent cause of morbidity in children. Viral laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is the most common cause of stridor in children and usually has a self-limited…
Invasive Fungal Sinusitis and Complications of Rhinosinusitis
Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis in an immunocompromised host and bacterial rhinosinusitis with intracranial or orbital extension are challenging to manage and constitute true otolaryngic emergencies. In the absence of…
The Difficult Airway
Securing the airway in a dyspneic patient is a challenging task because of the myriad causes and presentations. Initial assessment may demonstrate factors indicative of upper airway abnormalities; however, they…
