Otitis Media with Effusion
Epidemiology and Prevalence Middle ear effusion is the most common ear disease that occurs in children and practically all are affected at some point. 1, 2 This is also the…
OTOLARYNGOLOGY
Salivary Gland Disorders in Childhood
Congenital Disorders 26.2.1 Anatomical Anomalies Aplasia and Dysplasia Congenital anomalies of the salivary glands are very uncommon. Aplasia of the major salivary glands and atresia of their ducts has been described,…
The Pediatric Consultation
Setting Up 2.2.1 The Waiting Area The clinic experience for the family starts well before they see you. Easy road access, car parking, a bright and friendly environment with adequate facilities…
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Important OSA definitions Obstructive apnea Cessation of ventilation (i.e., no airflow), despite respiratory effort, for 10 s or two breath cycles in older children or 6 s or 1.5–2 breaths…
Anesthesia and Perioperative Care
Fig. 3.1 Comparison of simple and balanced anesthesia techniques. 3.2.1 Simple Anesthesia In simple anesthesia, a single anesthetic agent is given in sufficient dosage to provide unconsciousness (sleep), lack of movement in…
Introduction to Pediatric Otolaryngology
Training and Accreditation The diagnosis and management of ORL conditions in children forms an integral part of the syllabus for all ENT surgeons in training. Examinations in ORL, including the…
The Child with Special Needs
The best definition of a child with special needs is a child who, because of his/her unique medical or developmental difficulties, has needs in addition to those of his/her age-matched…
Postsurgical Conditions
Myringotomy and Insertion of Ventilation Tube The indications of myringotomy and ventilation tube insertion have been discussed previously. Myringotomy is usually performed in the anteroinferior quadrant of the tympanic membrane…
Diseases Affecting the External Auditory Canal
Diseases Affecting the External Auditory Canal 3.1 Exostosis and Osteomas 3.2 External Auditory Canal Inflammatory Diseases 3.3 Cholesteatoma of the External Auditory Canal 3.4 Pathologies Extending to the External Auditory…
Temporal Bone Paragangliomas
Paragangliomas are tumors that arise from the paraganglionic system—aggregations of cells found throughout the body associated with vascular and neuronal adventitia. They originate from the neural crest and are related…
