Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials in Endophthalmitis
Fig. 23.1 Schematic representation showing the factors involved in the growth of microbes in the vitreous. Insert (a) shows the generation time and sustenance of microbial growth due to the…
OPHTHALMOLOGY
Post-Keratoplasty and Corneal Refractive Surgery Endophthalmitis
Fig. 16.1 Post-penetrating keratoplasty graft infection with endophthalmitis Fig. 16.2 Post-DSEK endophthalmitis. (a) A case of pseudophakic corneal oedema that received DSEK. (b) Post-DSEK acute endophthalmitis with infiltrates in donor…
Microbiology: Collection of Ocular Specimens, Processing and Interpretation of Results
Type of sample Expected organisms Stains/media/incubation Aqueous fluid/vitreous fluid/vitreous biopsy • Bacteria, fungi • Fungi • Gram, Giemsa • Calcofluor white, Gomori methenamine silver Bacteria (aerobic and anaerobic) and fungi…
Corticosteroids in Endophthalmitis
Fig. 22.1 Structure of corticosteroid Mechanism of Action Corticosteroids exert their anti-inflammatory activity through the following mechanisms: They cause constriction of blood vessels, which reduces the vascular permeability, thereby reducing…
European Society of Cataract and Refractive Surgeons’ Antibiotic Prophylaxis Study in Cataract Surgery
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria Phacoemulsification cataract surgery with IOL implantation as a single procedure without any additional surgery Patients under 18 years of age Patients allergic to penicillin and cephalosporins Patients…
Molecular Methods in the Diagnosis of Endophthalmitis
(Courtesy:https://www.neb.com/~/media/NebUs/Page%20Images/Ap plications/DNA%20Amplification%20and%20PCR/pcr.jpg) Box 1 Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) In cycle 1 two primers anneal to denatured DNA at opposite sides of the target region and are extended by DNA polymerase…
Intravitreal Antibiotics
Drug Class of drug Mechanism of action Susceptible organisms Amikacin Aminoglycoside Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit of ribosomes Aerobic GNBs, Pseudomonas aeruginosa Amphotericin B Polyene antibiotics Binds…
Nocardia Endophthalmitis
Fig. 19.1 Post-cataract surgery Nocardia endophthalmitis. (Top left) Yellow-white nodule at surgical section and hypopyon; (top right) anterior chamber nodule with fibrin formation; (bottom left) yellow-white nodules at the tunnel…
Endophthalmitis Prophylaxis: Different Practices from Around the World
Fig. 29.1 Photograph demonstrating the “prep” for cataract surgery. Note the surgical drape, eyelid speculum, and evidence of povidone-iodine (Image courtesy of Guillermo Amescua, MD) Generally, the most likely causative…
Endogenous Endophthalmitis
Fig. 10.1 Constellation signs of endogenous endophthalmitis. (Top left) Minimal anterior segment inflammation in a patient with dense vitreous exudates due to endogenous endophthalmitis; (Top right) dense vitritis with hazy…
