Primary Angle-Closure Glaucoma Definition Glaucoma due to obstruction of the trabecular meshwork by peripheral iris; classified as acute, subacute (intermittent), or chronic. Etiology/mechanism Pupillary Block Most common. Lens–iris apposition interferes…
Strabismus Definition Ocular misalignment that may be horizontal or vertical; comitant (same angle of deviation in all positions of gaze) or incomitant (angle of deviation varies in different positions of…
Neuroimaging Computed tomography Physics Computed tomography (CT) uses X-ray beams to obtain tissue density values from which detailed cross-sectional images are formed by a computer. Tissue density is represented by…
Retinal Circulation Arterial system • The central retinal artery , an end artery, enters the optic nerve approximately 1 cm behind the globe. It is composed of three anatomical layers: ○…
Benign Epibulbar Tumours Conjunctival naevus Introduction A conjunctival naevus is the most common melanocytic conjunctival tumour; the overall risk of malignant transformation is less than 1%. Treatment by excision is…
Introduction Anatomical landmarks The macula ( Fig. 14.1A ) is a round area at the posterior pole, lying inside the temporal vascular arcades. It measures between 5 and 6 mm in…
Introduction Anatomy of the peripheral retina Pars plana The ciliary body starts 1 mm from the limbus and extends posteriorly for about 6 mm. The anterior 2 mm consist of the pars plicata,…
