Trauma Choroidal Rupture Tear in choroid, Bruch’s membrane, and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is usually seen after blunt trauma. Acutely, the rupture site may be obscured by hemorrhage; scars form…

Trauma Abrasion Corneal epithelial defect usually due to trauma. Patients note pain, foreign body sensation, photophobia, tearing, and red eye. May have normal or decreased visual acuity, conjunctival injection, and…

Eyelid Trauma Eyelid trauma must be evaluated thoroughly, because seemingly trivial trauma may threaten the viability of the globe. Embedded foreign bodies, incomplete eyelid closure, and lacrimal system damage can…

Congenital Anomalies Definition Variety of developmental lens abnormalities: Coloboma Focal inferior lens flattening due to ciliary body coloboma with absence of zonular support (not a true coloboma); other ocular colobomata…

Trauma Definition Figure 7-1 Composite drawing of the microscopic and gonioscopic anatomy. (Reproduced with permission from Becker B, Shaffer RN: Diagnosis and Therapy of the Glaucomas. St. Louis, CV Mosby…

Refractive Error Definition The state of an eye in which light rays are not properly focused on the retina, resulting in image blur. Ametropia A refractive error (e.g., myopia, hyperopia,…

Papilledema Definition Optic disc swelling caused by elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). Etiology Elevated ICP occurs in a variety of settings including: congenitally; with intracranial neoplasm or other mass; infection (meningitis,…

Amyloidosis Definition Group of diseases characterized by abnormal protein production and tissue deposition. Nonfamilial and familial forms; familial amyloidosis (autosomal dominant [AD]) caused by substitution errors in coding of prealbumin….

Trauma Foreign Body Exogenous material on, under, or embedded within the conjunctiva or sclera; commonly dirt, glass, metal, or cilia. Patients usually note foreign body sensation and redness; may have…