Features Hamartomas are benign, focal malformations that resemble neoplasms from the tissue of its origin. They can develop throughout the body in many organs such as the skin, brain, eye,…
Common Symptoms Patients are often asymptomatic when hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy is found during screening given the initial decrease in vision is paracentral to fixation. Sometimes patients may notice changes in…
Features Dislocated lenses, including both crystalline lenses and intraocular lens implants (IOL), can prove to be interesting cases for which there are a variety of options for surgical management. They…
Common Symptoms Clinical symptoms are typically consistent with uveitis, including blurry vision, conjunctival injection, and ocular irritation. Other symptoms of sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) include photophobia in the sympathizing (nontraumatic) eye,…
Features Sarcoidosis, a granulomatous inflammatory disorder of unknown etiology, can affect almost every organ, including the eye. Ocular involvement can be the presenting manifestation of the disease, requiring astute ophthalmic…
50.1 Features 50.1.1 Endogenous Endophthalmitis Endogenous endophthalmitis results from the hematogenous spread of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, or mycobacteria) from distant foci to intraocular structures and accounts for 2 to 8% of all…
Features Persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) occurs when the fetal vasculature of the eye fails to undergo the normal involution process. The cause of this incomplete regression of the fetal vasculature…
Features Multifocal choroiditis and panuveitis (MCP) was first reported in 1973 in two patients who had a chorioretinopathy that resembled the lesions of presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome (POHS). In contrast…
35.1 Features The Macular Telangiectasia Project proposed the classification of several retinal telangiectatic disorders into two distinct groups, now termed macular telangiectasia type 1 and type 2. Macular telangiectasia type 1…
59.1 Features West Nile virus (WNV) is a zoonotic disease due to a single-stranded RNA flavivirus of the same family as Japanese encephalitis, St. Louis encephalitis, and yellow fever. WNV was…