Surgery to Correct Nystagmus
Surgery to Correct Nystagmus Michael X. Repka A patient with nystagmus seeks surgical correction for one of three reasons: to correct an anomalous head posture induced by a nystagmus, to…
The Fadenoperation
The Fadenoperation James B. Sprague In 1974, Cüppers described the “Fadenoperation” at the second meeting of the International Strabismological Association.1 Two years later, Mühlendyck presented this new procedure to a…
Chemodenervation of Extraocular Muscles
Chemodenervation of Extraocular Muscles Edward G. Buckley Lucas Trigler Derek B. Hess In the early 1970s, Dr. Alan B. Scott discovered that when botulinum A toxin was injected into an…
Transposition Procedures
Transposition Procedures David A. Plager Daniel E. Neely Kathryn M. Haider Muscle Transpositions General Indications A muscle transposition procedure may be indicated when the function of one or more of…
Surgical Treatment of Exotropia
Surgical Treatment of Exotropia John D. Baker John D. Roarty Surgical management of exotropia encompasses indications for surgery, choice of surgical procedure, specific surgical techniques, results to be expected, and…
Superior Oblique Muscle Surgery
Superior Oblique Muscle Surgery Richard A. Saunders Ronald G. W. Teed Superior oblique muscle dysfunction manifests clinically as incomitant hypertropia, A-pattern strabismus, and torticollis, and may be accompanied by vertical…
Adjustable-Suture Strabismus Surgery
Adjustable-Suture Strabismus Surgery Monica S. Zhang Scott R. Lambert INTRODUCTION Strabismus, a misalignment of the eyes that can occur at any age, is a complex ocular condition that may be…
Surgery for Esotropia
Surgery for Esotropia Colleen J. Christian Joseph H. Calhoun Esodeviations are the most common forms of strabismus. It is useful to classify the many different forms of esotropia according to…
