Hemoptysis
Hemoptysis Anthony Cultrara Gady Har-El Hemoptysis is the spitting or coughing of blood. It should be differentiated from hematemesis, which is the vomiting of blood. The cause of bleeding may…
Tonsils and Adenoids
Tonsils and Adenoids Ramez Habib Ari J. Goldsmith The tonsils and adenoids compose Waldeyer’s ring of lymphoid tissue in the human pharynx. Although often grouped together, the tonsils and adenoids…
Upper Airway Obstruction
Upper Airway Obstruction Rhoda Wynn Ari J. Goldsmith Upper airway obstruction must be differentiated from respiratory distress caused by pulmonary, neurologic, cardiovascular, and esophageal disorders. Anatomically, the upper airway consists…
Speech-Language Pathology
Speech-Language Pathology Aren Francis Sabrina Barr Gady Har-El The field of speech-language pathology encompasses a broad scope of practice that includes the evaluation and management of speech, language, voice, and…
Hoarseness, Dysphonia, and Voice Change
Hoarseness, Dysphonia, and Voice Change Jerome S. Schwartz Ari J. Goldsmith Sabrina Barr The human voice is produced when a pressurized column of air is expired through the glottic space…
Disorders of Swallowing
Disorders of Swallowing Ramez Habib Krishnamurthi Sundaram Difficulty in swallowing is known as dysphagia, and pain on swallowing is defined as odynophagia. They may occur for both organic and nonorganic…
Salivary Gland Enlargement
Salivary Gland Enlargement Alexander Ovchinsky Gady Har-El The major salivary glands are the paired parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. There are approximately 1,000 minor salivary glands throughout the upper aerodigestive…
Throat Pain and Reflux
Throat Pain and Reflux Phyllis Peng Jessica W. Lim Gady Har-El Although the causes of throat pain are often straightforward, throat pain may present a diagnostic challenge. Throat pain can…
Disorders of the Tongue and Oral Cavity
Disorders of the Tongue and Oral Cavity Jerome S. Schwartz Jessica W. Lim Gady Har-El Physical examination of the tongue and oral cavity requires bright illumination, keen observation, and manual…
