Ocular surface immune-mediated diseases encompass a diverse spectrum of pathologies. Aberrant activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses underlies their immunopathogenesis. The conjunctiva is part of the secretory immune…
Depositions and degenerative diseases of the cornea, sclera, and conjunctiva encompass a wide spectrum of pathologies. Degenerative diseases are common and usually result from physiologic changes related to aging, long-standing…
The evolution of tube shunts presents a captivating journey through time, revealing the foundational theories that underpin current models and showcasing remarkable strides in biomaterials and bioengineering. These advancements have…
Differentiating between papilledema and pseudopapilledema is a common and difficult clinical conundrum. Although the conditions appear similar on fundoscopy, the systemic implications are vastly different. Papilledema is a sign of…
In this article, we delve into the world of biosimilars, which are chemically comparable agents that seek to change the outlook of intravitreal treatment in retina practices. Biosimilars have been…
Ophthalmologists are at an increased risk for musculoskeletal pain and injuries compared to other medical specialties, with significant repercussions. Inadequate ergonomics and limited postural awareness may exacerbate these issues, especially…
Retinal artery occlusion (RAO), including central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO), is an ischemic stroke syndrome characterized by sudden and painless vision loss. Non-arteritic RAO…
While the rate of intraocular lens (IOL) dislocation is low, it is a significant potential complication of cataract surgery. We describe the key factors to consider before undergoing IOL refixation,…
This review explores postoperative challenges arising from cataract surgery, including intraocular lens (IOL) decentration or dislocation, refractive surprises, dysphotopsias, and IOL opacifications. IOL decentration or dislocation is rare. Refractive surprises…
Immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) remains a hotly debated topic among cataract surgeons worldwide. Many cite patient satisfaction and the associated macroeconomic savings as reasons to conduct surgery on…
