Sjögren’s Syndrome Dry Eye Disease
Acknowledgment We wish to acknowledge Chuan Yu Wu for his asssistance in creating Fig. 6.1 . Introduction The term keratoconjunctivitis sicca , introduced by the Swedish ophthalmologist Henrik Sjögren, refers to…
Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease Using Animal Models
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial condition of the ocular surface, characterized by chronic inflammatory damages of the cornea and conjunctiva, along with the involvement of Meibomian and…
Pathophysiology of Dry Eye Disease Using Human Models
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is an umbrella term that represents a wide spectrum of disorders with different clinical presentations and variable risk factors. In 2017, in light of studies…
Clinical Assessment of Dry Eye Disease: Nerve Health
Introduction Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease for which the exact pathophysiological mechanism remains unknown. Nevertheless, a combination of a compromised tear film, ocular surface inflammation, and neurosensory…
Questionnaire Design and Use to Assess Dry Eye Disease
The accepted TFOS DEWS II definition (2017) of dry eye includes symptoms as a required element of a diagnosis of dry eye disease and this was also the case with…
Clinical Assessments of Dry Eye Disease: Tear Film and Ocular Surface Health
Introduction Over the last 25 years, our collective knowledge of dry eye disease (DED) has grown exponentially, yet many of the most commonly used clinical diagnostic tests have remained largely…
Robot-based otological surgery
Introduction Robot-based surgery first emerged in the mid-eighties, with orthopedic and neurosurgical applications [ ]. The RoboDoc® system, reported by Taylor et al. [ ], was designed to assist the…
Robot-assisted endo- and transnasal surgery
The challenge of endo- and transnasal surgery Endonasal surgery refers to surgery of the nasal cavities and sinuses, while transnasal surgery here refers to surgery using an endonasal approach to…
Surgical robotics: safety, legal, ethical and economic aspects
Safety and normalization in surgical robotics B. Lombard Despite their complexity, ultra-specialization and intrinsically invasive nature, legislation worldwide considers surgical robots as medical devices at the same level as bandages or…
Surgical simulation and training for ENT surgery
Surgical simulation: gadget, teaching tool, or surgical strategy aid? S.J. Daniel Introduction Many people wonder whether surgical simulation really is just a gadget: some think it is an important educational tool,…
