Punctate Inner Choroiditis
Punctate inner choroiditis (PIC) is a group of white dot syndromes that occurs predominately in young, myopic, female patients. This review provides an update on diagnostic criteria by the Standard…
Surgical Management Options in Uveitis
The management of uveitis requires medical therapy and surgical intervention, when necessary. Surgical intervention is utilized to diagnose uveitic conditions, address uveitic conditions, and provide visual improvement. To provide a…
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis and Uveitis
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis syndrome (TINU) is an autoimmune condition impacting uveal tissue and renal interstitium. Initially perceived to predominantly affect young females, recent observations indicate that TINU affects a…
Lasers and Energy-Based Treatments for Cosmetic Improvement of Periocular Skin
This review delves into the diverse modalities of laser and energy-based devices used in oculoplastic surgery and cosmetic dermatology for skin rejuvenation, covering ablative (CO 2 , erbium) and nonablative…
Multidisciplinary Orbital Tumors
The orbit lies adjacent to the cranial fossa, sinuses, middle face, and upper face. Therefore, the management of complex orbital tumors may require expertise across multiple disciplines. Orbitocranial tumors may…
Diagnosis and Management of Immune-mediated Disorders of the External Eye
Ocular surface immune-mediated diseases encompass a diverse spectrum of pathologies. Aberrant activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses underlies their immunopathogenesis. The conjunctiva is part of the secretory immune…
Approach to Depositions and Degenerations of the Cornea, Conjunctiva, and Sclera
Depositions and degenerative diseases of the cornea, sclera, and conjunctiva encompass a wide spectrum of pathologies. Degenerative diseases are common and usually result from physiologic changes related to aging, long-standing…
The History of Tube Shunts
The evolution of tube shunts presents a captivating journey through time, revealing the foundational theories that underpin current models and showcasing remarkable strides in biomaterials and bioengineering. These advancements have…
Distinguishing Papilledema from Pseudopapilledema in Children
Differentiating between papilledema and pseudopapilledema is a common and difficult clinical conundrum. Although the conditions appear similar on fundoscopy, the systemic implications are vastly different. Papilledema is a sign of…
Biosimilars in the Retina
In this article, we delve into the world of biosimilars, which are chemically comparable agents that seek to change the outlook of intravitreal treatment in retina practices. Biosimilars have been…
