Phase Systemic manifestations Ocular manifestations Acute septicemic phase Fever Hepatic/renal failure Multi-organ haemorrhages Systemic hypotension Psychosis Chemosis/congestion without discharge Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage Immune phase Chronic headache Recurrent arthralgia Recurrent abortion Infertility…
Birdshot chorioretinopathy diagnostic criteria Required characteristics • Bilateral disease • Three or more peripapillary birdshot lesions in one eye • No or minimal anterior segment inflammation • Low-grade vitreous haze Supportive findings • HLA-A29 positivity …
Fig. 22.1 Color fundus photograph shows toxoplasmic scar in a patient with congenital toxoplasmosis Clinical Features Active and new lesions are usually focal and intensely white with overlying vitreous inflammatory…
Fig. 17.1 Anterior chamber color photograph showing circumcorneal congestion with chronic pigmented granulomatous keratic precipitates and iris granuloma Intermediate uveitis of TB and sarcoidosis mimic each other as both are…
Fig. 8.1 Panuveitis with mild choroidal folds in the right eye of an 81-year-old man, 6 months after vitrectomy and intravitreal antibiotics for endophthalmitis in the left eye following a complicated…
Fig. 16.1 A 4-year-old female presented with vision decrease for the past 6 months. Examination of the anterior segment revealed cells 1+ and flare 2+. The iris was studded with diffuse…
Fig. 13.1 32-year-old female with systemic lupus erythematosus. Bilateral multiple cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage with vascular sheathing is noted (a, b), with vessel wall staining on fluorescein angiography…
Fig. 15.1 A diagram showing a relationship between the detection of specific autoantibodies and the time of cancer diagnosis in patients with visual symptoms (Adamus 2009 with permission) Visual-field tests…
Fig. 1.1 Color fundus photography of a 29-year-old male. (a, b) Initial presentation. (c, d) Two weeks. (e, f) Sixteen months after initial presentation Fig. 1.2 Color fundus photography of…
