Eyelids The upper and lower eyelids are anatomically distinct, though analogous. Surgical approaches to the orbit may incorporate various portions of the eyelids, including the upper eyelid crease, lower eyelid…
Tearing, when excessive tears pool on the ocular surface, and epiphora, when tears overrun the ocular margin and pour down onto the face, occur if there is either overproduction or…
Indications for Orbital Decompression Orbital decompression is performed in a variety of conditions and for various indications. The most common disease process leading to orbital decompression is thyroid eye disease….
Patient Selection and Indications Adults with orbital masses will be found to harbor a malignant tumor in about one-third of cases 1, 2 In children, the incidence of malignancy is…
Complications of Orbital Decompression and Management Jordan T. Glicksman, James N. Palmer, and Nithin D. Adappa Abstract • Complications of endoscopic orbital decompression are rare, but can be life or…
Fig. 15.1 Ossifying fibroma. (a) The degree of orbital displacement is significant enough to create proptosis and a cosmetic deformity. (b) The orbital apex is compressed but springs the optical canal….
Patient Selection and Indications Optic neuropathy is generally divided into two broad categories: traumatic and nontraumatic. The most common indication for optic nerve decompression historically has been traumatic optic neuropathy….
Anatomy and Embryology Lacrimal system anatomy is covered in detail in Chapter 1. In brief, the lacrimal drainage system begins proximally with the upper and lower puncta located in the…
Fig. 5.1 Treatment pathway: history and examination steps. Summary of evaluation of acquired nasolacrimal obstruction. Essential steps in history and the sequential examination steps proceeding from left to right beginning with…
