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2 Retinal Vascular Diseases NONPROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY Sasha Hubschman, MD and Jayanth Sridhar, MD Hyperglycemia results in endothelial damage in retinal capillaries, leading to vascular remodeling, leakage, and occlusion. Twenty-three…

1 Macular Diseases NON-EXUDATIVE (DRY) AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION Jordan D. Deaner, MD and Allen C. Ho, MD, FACS Constitutes 85% to 90% of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Drusen are the…

10 Retinal and Choroidal Tumors CHOROIDAL NEVUS Prashant Yadav, MD, FRCS, FACS and Carol L. Shields, MD Occurs in 5% to 7% of Caucasian adults; less common in non-Caucasians Rare…

6 Pediatric Retinal Diseases RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY Turner D. Wibbelsman, BS and James F. Vander, MD Leading cause of subsequent blindness and visual impairment in low birth weight and premature…

3 Infectious Inflammatory Diseases ENDOPHTHALMITIS Meera D. Sivalingam, MD and Sunir J. Garg, MD, FACS Inflammation of vitreous and aqueous, typically due to an infection Exogenous: most common type, categorized…

4 Noninfectious Inflammatory Diseases MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS Rebecca R. Soares, MD, MPH and Sonia Mehta, MD Characterized by multifocal chorioretinal inflammatory lesions that leave pigmented fibrotic scars; typically bilateral and not…

9 Peripheral Retinal Diseases RETINAL TEARS Elisabeth Maureen Sledz, MD and John D. Pitcher III, MD Most common after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD); up to 20% of symptomatic PVD may…

7 Trauma-Related Retinopathies COMMOTIO RETINAE Musa Abdelaziz, MD and Eric D. Weichel, MD Self-limited opacification of retina secondary to direct blunt ocular trauma Signs and Symptoms Decreased vision, pain after…

8 Drug-Related Retinopathies CRYSTALLINE RETINOPATHY Hannah Levin, BS and Jason Hsu, MD Crystalline deposits in retina of variable distribution depending on associated condition (Figure 8-1 and Table 8-1) Signs and…