Cervical Lymphadenopathy
9 Cervical Lymphadenopathy Cervical lymphadenopathy is enlargement of, and implies disease involving, the cervical lymph nodes. The commonest causes are infection, inflammation and metastatic neoplasia. Patients with cervical lymphadenopathy present…
Speech Audiometry
102 Speech Audiometry In many animals the sense of hearing is adapted for a specific purpose. In the human, the ear is specifically tuned to the speech frequencies (500–4,000 Hz)….
Impedance Audiometry
41 Impedance Audiometry 41.1 Physics and Physiology The middle ear and mastoid air cells communicate with the nasopharynx via the eustachian tube. As a closed system, air is being continually…
Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma
39 Hypopharyngeal Carcinoma The hypopharynx extends from the lower limit of the oropharynx at the level of the hyoid bone down to the lower level of the cricoid cartilage at…
Thyroid Disease—Benign
111 Thyroid Disease—Benign Benign thyroid disease can be analysed from three different aspects, which are often inter-related. These are non-toxic thyroid goitre (NTG), hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Patients with NTG are…
