Ento Key

Fig. 22.1 Appearance of benign mass lesions is varied within and across pathology types. Top row: normal; symmetric nodules; right sessile polyp; right sessile polyp with left reactive nodule. Middle…

Fig. 25.1 Diagram depicting insertion of an injection needle immediately anterior-lateral to the vocal process. (From Potsic, Cotton, Handler and Zur, Surgical Pediatric Otolaryngology. 2nd edition. Thieme, 2016, with permission)…

Fig. 6.1 Laryngeal cartilaginous framework Two additional structures provide structural support to the larynx: the quadrangular membrane and conus elasticus. The quadrangular membrane is an elastic structure that extends anteriorly…

Premature infants Infants Weak LES Weak LES Positional (supine or side-lying) Positional (supine or side-lying) Liquid diet Liquid diet Related comorbid conditions (e.g., decreased overall tone, neurologic) Related comorbid conditions…

Fig. 39.1 Glottic granulation tissue Because the flaps move with inspiration and expiration, they may cause inspiratory obstruction. Removal of the flaps may be beneficial, at least from one side,…

Fig. 26.1 Flexible fiberoptic in office evaluation: severe laryngomalacia with an omega-shaped epiglottis, foreshortened aryepiglottic folds, and redundant arytenoid tissue. The glottis is not visualized during inspiration (a) or expiration…

Fig. 2.1 Examples of pediatric laryngoscopes, including the Lindholm (left), Parsons (middle), and Philips (right) Suspension Arms Once the larynx is exposed, patient can be placed into suspension for further…

Fig. 35.1 Still image from videofluoroscopic exam showing impression due to cricopharyngeal bar (black arrow) which narrows the pharyngeal outflow As stated earlier, high-resolution manometry can be used to evaluate…

Fig. 30.1 (a) Expression of fibronectin (original magnification x4) and (b) Elastica van Gieson stain (original magnification ×4) in immature scar (2 months post-injury). Collagen (stained red) is sparse and is…

Munchausen’s stridor Paradoxical vocal fold movement (PVFM) Functional airway obstruction Factitious asthma Laryngeal spasm mimicking bronchial asthma Paradoxical vocal cord dysfunction presenting as asthma Stridor caused by vocal cord malfunction…