Fig. 24.1 Schematic overview of ECLDCR (Photo courtesy: Josie Henson, Philippines) Patient Selection Proper screening tests should confirm the diagnosis of primary acquired NLDO. Only patients with chronic epiphora without…
Fig. 31.1 Wide dilation of punctum Fig. 31.2 Primary passage of Bowman probe or balloon probe into canaliculus Fig. 31.3 Proper orientation to pass probe into duct Fig. 31.4 Balloon…
Fig. 33.1 Clinical photograph of a patient presenting with a palpable mass above the medial canthal tendon with epiphora Fig. 33.2 A positive fluorescein dye disappearance test (FDDT) in the…
Fig. 18.1 A child with a stent prolapsed Fig. 18.2 Closer view of a stent prolapse Fig. 18.3 Traditional way of securing the stent at lateral vestibule with a nonabsorbable…
Fig. 1.1 Code of Hammurabi (2250 BC) Fig. 1.2 Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC) Fig. 1.3 Hippocrates (460–377 BC) The Greeks made significant contributions in the early days. Most diseases of…
Fig. 20.1 The transconjunctival incision Fig. 20.2 Dissection to access the anterior lacrimal crest Fig. 20.3 Bony osteotomy Nasal and saccal mucosae are incised to “H”-shaped flaps, as in external…
Fig. 19.1 The modified Lynch incision for external dacryorhinostomy The Nasojugal or the Angular Incision This is a curvilinear incision on the anterior lacrimal crest and is known to allow…
Fig. 8.1 Nasal endoscopes; from left to right 0° 4-mm, 30° 4-mm, and 30° 2.7-mm endoscopes Technique Prior to nasal endoscopy, the nose is inspected for any visible abnormalities, such…
Fig. 6.1 Common causes of hypersecretion or reflex watering. Congenital entropion in a child (a), Conjunctival papillae in a case of allergic conjunctivitis (b), Dry eye with corneal filaments causing…
Fig. 4.1 The lacrimal drainage system has numerous mucosal folds or valves across its length The Valve of Rosenmüller The so-called valve of Rosenmüller [4, 5] is situated, although only…
