Application of Antimetabolites in Lacrimal Surgery
Fig. 20.1 Application of topical MMC by using a cotton applicator soaked with 0.5 mg/ml MMC over the punctal opening to minimize the adhesions and scar tissues around the opening…
Gender and Racial Variations of the Nasolacrimal System
Fig. 3.1 External DCR intraoperative view of lacrimal sac fossa in an Asian patient. Suction tip points to the area of lacrimal bone suture line. The thick maxillary bony portion…
Acquired Etiologies of Lacrimal System Obstructions
Neoplastic Primary Secondary Metastatic 1. Primary neoplasms (a) Adenoid cystic carcinoma (b) Adenocarcinoma (c) Angiofibroma (d) Angiosarcoma (e) Cavernous hemangioma (f) Cyst (g) Dermoid cyst (h) Fibroma (i) Fibrous histiocytoma (j) Granular cell tumors (k) Glomus tumor (l) Hemangioendothelioma (m) Hemangiopericytoma (n) Leukemia (o) Lymphoma (p) Lymphoplasmacytic…
Case Reports
Fig. 2.1 (a–c) Fingerprint lines (arrows), in places crossing (a, right arrow). (c) additionally shows a fine granular pattern (arrowhead) Case 2. Edematous Area, Fingerprint Lines and Blebs Case Report…
The Morphology of Recurrent Erosions
Fig. 1.1 (a) Normal precorneal tear film stained evenly green with fluorescein. (b–c) Surface elevations (arrows) appear dark. (d–e) show abnormal epithelial structures (white arrows) located below an elevated (dark,…
The Morphology of Corneal Epithelial Edema
Fig. 4.1 (a–c) Fine granular pattern of intracellular edema (white arrowheads) and (a, c) variously large blisters (black arrowheads). The yellow-brown spots in (b) are caused by fluorescein pooling presumably…
Case Reports
Fig. 5.1 (a) Survey of a part of a very large bulla (arrows) (captured on day 2). The areas in frame are shown in (b, c): the bulla (arrows) is…
Recurrent Erosions and Stromal Infiltrates
Fig. 3.1 (a) A larger lesion (arrow) containing many rounded bodies (arrowhead) and a small adjacent one (double arrowhead). (b) Some parts of the lesion (bowed arrow), the adjacent one…
Radiological Diagnosis in Swallowing Disorders
Fig. 6.1 Tertiary contraction of the esophagus. Uncoordinated contractions are seen in the mid to distal esophagus (arrows) Etiology Dysphagia may be caused (Table 6.1) by a neurological deficit, which…
Endoscopic Diagnosis and Management of Swallowing Disorders
Approach to Esophageal Swallowing Disorder Dysphagia, odynophagia, retrosternal chest pain, regurgitation, and heartburn are the major symptoms of esophageal disorders. In oropharyngeal dysphagia, there is inability to initiate swallow, nasopharyngeal…
