Orbital and Periorbital Tuberculosis
Fig. 14.1 (a) Clinical picture of a patient (case 1) with a swelling along the right orbital rim and erythema of the skin. (b) CECT orbits (axial cut) of case…
Tubercular Scleritis
Bacterial Pseudomonas aeruginosa Actinomyces species Nocardia species Mycobacterium species Fungal Fusarium species Aspergillus species Viral Herpes simplex virus Varicella-zoster virus Tubercular scleritis is a rare and unique form of extrapulmonary…
Tubercular Multifocal Serpiginoid Choroiditis
Fig. 8.1 Color fundus photography of a 34-year-old female diagnosed with tubercular multifocal serpiginoid choroiditis (TB MSC). The lesion appears confluent and yellowish white and is involving the posterior pole…
Tuberculous Optic Neuropathy
Optic nerve involvements Number of eyes (n = 62) Percentage involved (%) Papillitis 32 51.6 Neuroretinitis 9 14.5 Optic nerve tubercle 7 11.3 Compressive optic neuropathy 5 8.1 Retrobulbar neuritis…
Conjunctival and Corneal Tuberculosis
Mechanism Clinical manifestation Immune reaction to tubercular antigens Phlyctenulosis Interstitial keratitis Tissue invasion by Mycobacterium tuberculosis Nodular scleritis Conjunctival Tuberculosis M. tuberculosis may affect any structure of the eye or…
Epidemiological Aspect of Ocular Tuberculosis
Author Year Place Percentage of ocular TB in pulmonary TB patients Bouza et al. [2] 1997 Spain 18 Lara et al. [3] 2013 Philippines 6.8 Beare et al. [4] 2002…
Ocular Tuberculosis in Immunocompromised Patients
Fig. 11.1 Colour fundus photograph of the right eye (a) shows a subretinal abscess involving the macula. Fine needle aspiration biopsy revealed MTB. Post-treatment colour fundus photograph (b) of the…
Laboratory and Radiological Investigations in the Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis
Fig. 4.1 Chest radiograph in pulmonary tuberculosis . (a) Left upper zone consolidation and cavitation. (b) Right upper zone infiltrates and foci of consolidation Diagnostic Approach The traditional bacteriologic diagnostic…
Tuberculin Skin Test and Interferon-γ Release Assays in the Diagnosis of Ocular Tuberculosis
Measurement of induration (mm) Interpretation <5 Negative result ≥5 Positive result in individuals who are: HIV positive End-stage renal failure patients Organ transplant recipients and other immunosuppressed patients on cytotoxic…
Management of Ocular Tuberculosis
Name of the drug Mechanism of action Isoniazid It is a prodrug bioactivated by katG present in MTB which causes inhibition of mycolic acid synthesis. Most potent bactericidal drug in…
