Complications of Parathyroid Surgery
Fig. 46.1 Vascular supply of the parathyroid glands and relationship with the thyroid gland and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery of the Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands Edition 2, Greg W. Randolph,…
Minimally Invasive Radioguided Parathyroidectomy
Serum calcium >12.0 mg/dL 24-h Urinary calcium >400 mg/day Episode of life-threatening hypercalcemia Creatinine clearance decreased by ≥30 % Nephrolithiasis Age <50 years Osteitis fibrosa cystica Osteoporosis Neuromuscular symptoms Preoperative…
Parathyroid Carcinoma
Fig. 31.1 Gross pathology specimen of a parathyroid carcinoma. The tumor was pushing and displacing the thyroid gland but not invading it. The right thyroid lobe was removed regardless due…
Outpatient Parathyroidectomy
Fig. 37.1 Cervical ultrasound demonstrating a right inferior parathyroid adenoma (a) Transverse view; (b) Longitudinal view Sestamibi Scintigraphy Sestamibi (six methoxyisobutylisonitrile) is a monovalent lipophilic cation that diffuses passively across…
Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring for Parathyroid Surgery
Fig. 36.1 Left inferior gland parathyroid carcinoma Temporary hoarseness can occur after any surgery that involves general anesthesia, but the potential for RLN injury in parathyroid surgery mandates greater concern…
Primary Hyperparathyroidism in the Pediatric Patient
General Cardiac CNS Renal GI Decreased bone density Bradycardia Fatigue Nephrocalcinosis Constipation Anorexia Shortened QT interval Hypotonia/weakness Nephrolithiasis Nausea/vomiting Weight loss Prolonged PR interval Seizure Urolithiasis Pancreatitis Pruritus Arrhythmias Coma…
Endoscopic Parathyroidectomy
Fig. 18.1 Preoperative imaging studies in candidate for minimally invasive, video-assisted parthyroidectomy. Early (a) and delayed (b) Tc-99m-sestamibi and SPECT-CT images (c) suggesting a parathyroid lesion posterior to the inferior…
Laboratory Testing, PTH Measurement of Needle Aspirates, and Intra Operative PTH Technologies
PTH1–84 20 % (Range 5–30 %) N-terminal fragments 2 % (Range 0–5 %) C-terminal fragments 80 % (Range 75–95 %) PTH with an N-terminal structure (or the first 34 amino…
Advanced Imaging of the Parathyroids
Fig. 15.1 Left superior parathyroid adenoma. A-25 year-old African-American female presented with renal disease and prior removal of three parathyroid glands due to hyperparathyroidism. Her post-surgical serum calcium and PTH…
Applied Embryology, Molecular Genetics, and Surgical Anatomy of the Parathyroid Glands
Fig. 3.1 Formation of the pharyngeal pouches and their corresponding derivatives. From [2]. PA pharyngeal arch These endodermal outpockets contact the surface ectoderm at precise sites along the anterior–posterior axis…
